Ini Akibat Tafsiran Pasal Pada Kasus Hukum di Papua
- by Redaksi
- Feb 08, 2020 11:20 am
- 1347 views

Potensi Politik Papua Meluas Ke Dunia Internasional
Oleh. Freni Lutruntuhluy *)
Pro kontra di kalangan politisi, pakar Hukum dan pegiat HAM di negeri ini makin menjadi serius lebih khusus bicara kasus Hukum dan tuduhan HAM di Tanah Papua. Dua kasus yang sangat serius dan menarik perhatian dunia Internasional adalah Mispo Gwijangge yang dituduh pihak kepolisian sebagai pelaku pembunuhan 17 Karyawan PT Istaka di Nduga, dan tahanan Politik mahasiswa Papua yang di tetapkan dengan pasal makar karena mengangkat bendera bintang Kejora di depan Istana Negara. Kedua kasus ini kemudian menjadi isu seksi di dunia Internasional.
Perdebatan itu pada pasal makar ditempelkan pada tahanan politik, sedangkan untuk Mispo Gwijangge (pasal 340 KUHP) karena dinilai sebagai sebuah tindakan berencana dan oleh pihak Kepolisian ditempelkan pasal yang beresiko penjara seumur hidup atau hukuman mati.
Dalam kasus Makar itu, Koalisi Penegak Hukum dan HAM Papua menyampaikan pemeriksaan tujuh tahapan politik di Balikpapan di dampingi 54 orang advokat. Sementara tahanan politik yang saat ini diproses di Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat juga telah di dampingi. Kasus Mispo di pegang oleh Direktur Eksekutif Yayasan Keadilan dan Keutuhan Manusia Papua.
Pasal makar dipakai pihak kepolisian telah menggunakan definisi yang salah, namun selama ini tetap dipaksakan untuk masuk dalam Kitab Hukum Undang-undang Pidana (KUHP) di Indonesia karena selama ini pasal tersebut telah ‘dimanfaatkan’ untuk menjaga ‘kekuatan politik’.
Bangsa ini sebetulnya telah menempatkan Definisi yang kurang tepat. Kata makar telah dipaksakan menjadi arti dari istilah Belanda aanslag yang artinya serangan atau violence attack. Padahal kata makar sendiri merupakan serapan dari bahasa Arab dengan pengertiannya berkhianat.  Istilah makar telah digunakan dengan salah kaprah dan menjadi salah satu unsur dari pasal KUHP.
Dalam konteks menjaga NKRI yang utuh dan agar tidak memicu terjadinya pelanggaran HAM, kita harus mengembaikan ke istilah aslinya yaitu anslaag yang artinya serangan atau violence attack. Sebab itulah, jika tidak ada serangan dalam bentuk fisik, maka tidak bisa disebut sebagai makar karena yang dipidanakan adalah serangannya, bukan niat menggulingkan pemerintah.
Persoalan berikutnya, menurut hukum pidana yang berlaku saat ini, semua percobaan bisa dipidanakan. Semisal seorang yang membeli pisau dan membawa ke tengah jalan, dapat dimasukkan dalam kategori percobaan pembunuhan. “Apabila menggunakan konsep percobaan, niat orang ditakar menurut pikiran polisi (penakar). Seharusnya apabila pisau itu sampai dibawa masuk ke rumah orang lain lalu berusaha menghunuskannya ke orang tersebut, maka tindakan ini dapat dikategorikan sebagai percobaan pembunuhan.
Apabila hal yang terjadi pada Mahasiswa Papua saat ini, misalkan sekedar omongan people power, tidak bisa disebut makar. Kita harus menjauhkan diri dari bias politik. Terkait isi dan bentuk, harus lebih ditinjau lagi agar tidak salah memaknai masalah ini. Apabila hanya sekedar omongan, seharusnya masuk kategori syiar kebencian, penghasutan, bukan makar.
Publik dan para pemerhati di negara ini menilai perlu dilihat potensi atau dampak yang akan ditimbulkan dari sebuah tindakan makar. Apabila tidak ada tindakan konkret, tidak bisa disebut makar sebab hal itu harus ada tindakan konkret.
[editorial]
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