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Definisi Pasukan Non Organik Serta Beberapa Perkembangan Pembangunan di Kabupaten Nduga

Oleh Dr. Agus Sumule*)

Saya berusaha untuk mencari definisi dari istilah “pasukan non-organik”, karena dalam banyak diskusi sering sekali muncul usulan agar “pasukan non-organik” ditarik dari Nduga dan dari daerah-daerah tertentu lainnya di Pegunungan Tengah Papua. Banyak pihak yang tampaknya yakin bahwa dengan ditariknya pasukan non organik, maka situasi di Nduga akan membaik.

Istilah pasukan non-organik ini, walaupun sering digunakan di kalangan TNI sendiri, rupanya tidak dikenal dalam UU Nomor 3 Tahun 2004 Tentang Tentara Nasional Indonesia.  Definisi tentang pasukan non-organik saya dapat dalam buku “Saatnya Menghadapi Masa Lalu” yang diterbitkan oleh Amnesty International tahun 2013, yaitu “… pasukan yang tidak dikerahkan secara teratur di sebuah wilayah tertentu, tapi dikerahkan jika situasi konflik meningkat ke level yang tidak bisa ditangani unit teritorial yang “organik”.”

Kekerasan di Nduga bukan baru pertama kali terjadi.  Salah satu yang paling besar dan menarik perhatian internasional adalah ketika pada bulan Oktober 1995 sejumlah peneliti dalam dan luar negeri disandera selama kurang lebih 4 (empat) bulan.  Penyanderaan itu terjadi di Mapnduma, hanya beberapa hari sebelum para peneliti yang berasal dari organisasi-organisasi Uncen, BScC, PHPA dan WWF akan memulai suatu ekspedisi, yang diberi nama  Lorentz ’95, untuk mendokumentasi flora dan fauna di daerah Carstensz.  Sejak saat itu, Nduga lebih sering dikenal sebagai daerah merah atau daerah bermasalah secara keamanan.

Pertanyaan yang harus dijawab adalah hampir 25 tahun sesudah peristiwa penyanderaan di Mapnduma apa yang sudah dilakukan untuk memperbaiki situasi di sana?  Pemerintah dan DPR RI mencobanya dengan membentuk Kabupaten Nduga, yang sebelumnya merupakan bagian dari Kabupaten Jayawijaya, melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2008.

Lebih dari satu dekade sejak pembentukan Kabupaten Nduga, ini gambaran kualitas pembangunan di kabupaten tersebut hari ini:

Usia Harapan Hidup penduduk Nduga 54,82 tahun (Provinsi Papua: 65,36 tahun; Indonesia 71,20 tahun).  Seorang bayi yang lahir di Nduga hari ini, dalam keadaan aman sekali pun, hanya bisa kita harapkan hidup sampai usia 55 tahun, sementara saudara-saudaranya di tempat lain di Indonesia bisa mencapai 71 tahun.

Harapan Lama Sekolah di Kabupaten Nduga hanya 2,95 tahun.  (Papua: 10,83 tahun; Indonesia: 12,91 tahun).  Anak-anak Nduga yang berusia 7 tahun hari ini hanya bisa berharap sekolah sampai kelas 3 SD.

Rata-rata Lama Sekolah di Kabupaten Nduga hanya 0,85 tahun (Papua: 6,52 tahun; Indonesia: 8,17 tahun). Artinya, penduduk Nduga berusia 25 tahun ke atas hanya berpendidikan kelas 1 SD.

Daya beli penduduk per kapita per tahun di Kabupaten Nduga hanya Rp 4,517 juta (Papua: Rp 7,19 juta; Indonesia: Rp 11,059 juta).

IPM (Indeks Pembangunan Manusia — IPM) Kabupaten Nduga tahun 2018 hanya 29,42 — lebih rendah dari Niger, negara dengan IPM terendah di dunia (Papua: 60,06; Indonesia 71,39).

Dana yang sudah dikucurkan oleh Pemerintah Pusat ke Nduga dalam 5 tahun terakhir (2014-2018) adalah Rp 4,594 triliun lebih, tetapi kualitas hidup manusia Nduga adalah seperti yang disebutkan di atas.  Padahal APBD selalu habis setiap tahun.

Jadi, bagaimana jalan keluarnya?  Apakah dengan menarik keluar pasukan non organik?  Di Nduga hanya ada 1 (satu) Koramil dan 1 (satu) Polsek.  Kodimnya dan Polresnya ada di Wamena. Koremnya ada di Jayapura.

Saya memilih untuk mendukung usulan pak Pdt.Em. Herman Awom.  Mari kita lakukan “percakapan Injili” untuk menolong Nduga.  Jangan lupa, Nduga itu Kita, Nduga itu Indonesia. (*)

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